A kingdom of fifty-two forts
Garhwal means the country of forts. Local tradition counts fifty-two small chiefdoms, each with its own garh, before the Panwar dynasty, whose story begins at Chandpur Garhi and whose capital moved to Devalgarh and then Srinagar on the Alaknanda, brought them under one crown. In 1803 the Gorkha army of Nepal took the kingdom, and their general Amar Singh Thapa is credited with building the first Gangotri temple during the occupation. After the Anglo-Nepalese War of 1814–16 the British kept eastern Garhwal, with Kedarnath and Badrinath, and returned the west to the Panwar king Sudarshan Shah, who built a new capital at Tehri. That split explains why old records speak of British Garhwal and Tehri Garhwal, and why the royal family of Tehri still announces the Badrinath opening date each spring.





